Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis in Cyprinus carpio against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Malachite Green: Ultrastructural and Molecular Analysis

Malachite green (MG) dye, besides coloring is used as an effective aquaculture therapeutic. The present study assesses the mitigating ability of Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit extract against dye induced chronic (60 days) cyto-toxicity in Cyprinus carpio. For this, four experimental groups were maintained: group I—control, II—MG, III—EO (positive control), IV—MG + EO. was made at three tiers: detailing structural anomalies using a light microscope and transmission electron (TEM), biochemical estimation antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation molecular analysis expression patterns HSP70, CYP1A genes. MG intoxication resulted necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, glycogen depletion, abundant macrophages, loss cell integrity prominent nuclear alterations. Significant (p < 0.05) inhibition activities catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) reduced glutathione (GSH), along with elevation malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, occurred after 60 days exposure. HSP70 genes presented significant change their treated fish. Whereas oral supplementation EO significantly restored histo-architecture, normalized altered enzymatic activity, oxidative stress level regulated Thus, it can be concluded that acted ameliorant malachite